Jónsson function

In set theory, a mathematical discipline, an ω-Jónsson function, named for Bjarni Jónsson, for a set of ordinals x is a function from to x such that for any subset y of x with the same cardinality as x, f restricted to maps onto x. Here if x is an ordered set and α is an ordinal, is the set of subsets of x of order type α. So in particular is the set of strictly increasing sequences of x.

Erdős and Hajnal (1966) showed that for any ordinal λ there is an ω-Jónsson function for λ.

Kunen's proof of Kunen's inconsistency theorem uses a Jónsson function for cardinals λ such that 2^λ = λ^ℵ₀, and Kunen observed that for this special case there is a simpler proof of the existence of Jónsson functions. Galvin and Prikry (1976) gave a simple proof for the general case.

The existence of Jónsson functions shows that for any cardinal there is an algebra with an infinitary operation that has no proper subalgebras of the same cardinality. In particular if infinitary operations are allowed then an analogue of Jónsson algebras exists in any cardinality, so there are no infinitary analogues of Jónsson cardinals.

References

• Erdős, P.; Hajnal, András (1966), "On a problem of B. Jónsson", Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences. Série des Sciences Mathématiques, Astronomiques et Physiques 14: 19–23, ISSN 0001-4117, MR0209161 
• Galvin, Fred; Prikry, Karel (1976), "Infinitary Jonsson algebras and partition relations", Algebra Universalis 6 (3): 367–376, doi:10.1007/BF02485843, ISSN 0002-5240, MR0434822 
• Jónsson, Bjarni (1972), Topics in universal algebra, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 250, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0058648, MR0345895 
• Kanamori, Akihiro (2003), The Higher Infinite : Large Cardinals in Set Theory from Their Beginnings (2nd ed.), Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 319, ISBN 978-3-540-00384-7